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What type of testing focuses on how an application behaves under extreme conditions?

1. Load testing

2. Stress testing

3. Performance testing

4. Functional testing

The correct answer is: Stress testing

Stress testing is a specialized type of testing designed to determine how an application performs under extreme conditions or loads. It simulates a scenario where the system is pushed beyond its normal operational capacity, often to identify breaking points or to ensure that the application can handle high traffic volumes, unexpected spikes in usage, or other stress-inducing scenarios. This type of testing helps in evaluating the recovery capabilities and overall stability of the application when faced with excessive demands. Different testing types are focused on varying aspects of application performance. Load testing, for example, assesses how the application behaves under expected load conditions, while performance testing encompasses a broader range of criteria, including responsiveness and scalability, but doesn't specifically target extreme conditions. Functional testing, on the other hand, validates that the application performs the required functions correctly and does not consider performance under stress. Therefore, stress testing is the most appropriate choice when examining an application’s robustness in extreme situations.